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Conceptualizing Nature as a Legal Subject: A Comparative Study of Laws Between Indonesia, New Zealand, and Ecuador

Identification

Public canonical key
doi:10.26623/julr.v7i1.8880
Authors
Muhamad Akmal Fadillah · Aidul Fitriciada Azhari
Reported year
2024
Reported language
en · und
Source type
article
First detected
2026-11-09T19:04:47.916886+00:00
Last metadata observation
2026-11-09T19:08:26.367191+00:00
Last HTTP verification
Not checked

Institutions reported by the source

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

Reported affiliation countries

ID

Documentary abstract — original language

This paper aims to find out the extent to which Indonesia views the concept of nature as a legal subject. This research can provide comprehensive information and understanding, which focuses on comparative law and how the application of the Theory of Legal Transplantation. Two experiences have occurred, namely in New Zealand and Ecuador, which have answered the view of nature as a legal subject. Based on these two experiences, it becomes urgent in the preparation of this research to describe the concept of nature as a legal subject in Indonesia by comparing Indonesian regulations on environmental protection and examining how Indonesia views the concept of nature as a legal subject through the existing legal system, as well as definitive legal subjects. The method used is normative juridical with a comparative approach and conceptual approach. The writing of this legal Article has the novelty of discussing the application of Articles 66 and 91 of Law Number 32 of 2009, which explicitly discusses the concept of nature as a legal subject in Indonesia and the view of Legal Transplantation Theory. The results of this study indicate that Indonesia's Law on environmental protection still does not need to recognize nature as a legal subject. Still, with the experience of two countries that have accommodated nature as a legal subject, it is not impossible through Legal Transplantation Theory that the influence in the form of legal instruments or concepts can be transplanted to the Indonesian State as a source of environmental protection regulation formation.

Identifiers

OPENALEX
W4398756301
DOI
10.26623/julr.v7i1.8880
ISSN
2621-4105
OPENAIRE
doi_dedup___::27dfa3a0661cab8fa09be6f7dc22d747

Documentary context

Documentary family
Scholarship
Source-reported types
Article · article
Jurisdictions studied — explicit sources
EC · ID · NZ

Entity mentions are not evidence of legal recognition. Jurisdiction studied is separate from author affiliation country.

Sources

DOAJ · Record 1 · Record 2

OpenAIRE · Record 1

OpenAlex · Record 1 · Record 2

Documented bibliographic relations

Source-declared references and links; they do not establish legal support or UGLC qualification. Up to 20 outgoing references are displayed.

2 incoming references within the detected corpus

Documentary field provenance

Source-backed values and values with unresolved provenance are kept separately. Bibliographic provenance validates no legal claim.

Title
Documentary source reported
Publication
Documentary source reported
Authors
Documentary source reported
Document type
Documentary source reported
Jurisdiction
Studied subject derived from explicit documentary context
Court
Not recorded
Issuing authority
Not recorded
Publisher
Not recorded
DOI
Documentary source reported
ISBN
Not recorded
Official identifier
Not recorded
Source URL
Documentary source reported
Source-reported status
Not recorded
Amendment / repeal
Not recorded

Cite this reference

Muhamad Akmal Fadillah; Aidul Fitriciada Azhari. Conceptualizing Nature as a Legal Subject: A Comparative Study of Laws Between Indonesia, New Zealand, and Ecuador. 2024. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i1.8880

JSON · CSL-JSON · BibTeX · RIS · CSV · JSON-LD ·

APA, Chicago, ISO 690: bibliographic formats using available fields. OSCOLA / Bluebook: structured data only; full legal citation compliance is not claimed without verification of required elements.

APA
Muhamad Akmal Fadillah; Aidul Fitriciada Azhari. (2024). Conceptualizing Nature as a Legal Subject: A Comparative Study of Laws Between Indonesia, New Zealand, and Ecuador. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i1.8880
Chicago
Muhamad Akmal Fadillah; Aidul Fitriciada Azhari. Conceptualizing Nature as a Legal Subject: A Comparative Study of Laws Between Indonesia, New Zealand, and Ecuador. 2024. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i1.8880
ISO 690
Muhamad Akmal Fadillah; Aidul Fitriciada Azhari. Conceptualizing Nature as a Legal Subject: A Comparative Study of Laws Between Indonesia, New Zealand, and Ecuador. 2024. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i1.8880

UDTR Global Rights of Nature Legal Library. Conceptualizing Nature as a Legal Subject: A Comparative Study of Laws Between Indonesia, New Zealand, and Ecuador. Documentary record: https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-7ca447e38cbdf8199246bb6a4572afae/ · Last HTTP verification: not performed

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Field provenance and record version

Version 123c089679d03706 · udtr-reference-1.1.2

Title
DOAJ · source · 2026-11-09T19:04:54.908760+00:00
OpenAIRE · source · 2026-11-09T19:08:26.367191+00:00
Authors
DOAJ · source · 2026-11-09T19:04:54.908760+00:00
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:05:53.961574+00:00
Year
DOAJ · source · 2026-11-09T19:04:54.908760+00:00
OpenAIRE · source · 2026-11-09T19:08:26.367191+00:00
Identifiers
DOAJ · source · 2026-11-09T19:04:54.908760+00:00
OpenAIRE · source · 2026-11-09T19:08:26.367191+00:00
Multiple reported values; disagreement retained.
Source URL
DOAJ · source · 2026-11-09T19:04:54.908760+00:00
OpenAIRE · source · 2026-11-09T19:08:26.367191+00:00
Multiple reported values; disagreement retained.
Source-reported author ORCID
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:05:53.961574+00:00

History tracks record metadata and does not certify the state of the law.

92340c156a446f89 · 2026-11-09T19:08:26.367191+00:00

0e9201b73af54f7c · 2026-11-09T19:08:26.367191+00:00

b68a709ee09cab86 · 2026-11-09T19:08:26.367191+00:00

123c089679d03706 · 2026-11-09T19:08:26.367191+00:00

Frozen-version metadata

Research dossiers and documentary relations

EC · ID · NZ ·

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

Aidul Fitriciada Azhari

Muhamad Akmal Fadillah

Source roles

Bibliographic / original publication source · https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i1.8880

Bibliographic / original publication source · https://journals.usm.ac.id/index.php/julr/article/view/8880

Discovery source · https://openalex.org/W4398756301

An authority link alone does not verify a legal claim. Abstracts and full texts remain subject to their source terms.

Documentary status

Relevance pending

Library

This identity is not yet included in the Legal Library.

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