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Towards Protecting the Injured Party from Errors and Hallucinations of Artificial Intelligence: A Contemporary Legal Perspective

Identification

Clé publique

doi:10.12688/f1000research.179603.1

Auteurs

Nagwa Abouhaiba · Saed Ahmed Khouli · Maya Khater

Année déclarée

2026

Langue déclarée

en

Type source

article

Première détection

2026-11-09T19:04:47.728023+00:00

Dernière observation des métadonnées

2026-11-09T19:04:47.728023+00:00

Dernière vérification HTTP

Non effectuée

Institutions déclarées par la source

Abu Dhabi University · United Arab Emirates University

Pays d’affiliation déclarés

AE

Résumé documentaire — langue originale

The world has been witnessing a growing and accelerating expansion in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, as leading worldwide technology businesses compete to develop systems and software that can simulate the human mind, produce technological solutions, and accomplish activities that previously needed human mental effort. This has given rise to a host of new and unfamiliar legal challenges, including those connected to errors and 'hallucinations' that may produce inaccurate or misleading outputs. This paper examines the technical and practical risks associated with the use of AI, with a focus on the phenomenon of hallucinations that has recently become widely discussed, and its potential effects on users and third parties. This study adopts a comparative, analytical legal approach by analyzing the current legal framework to determine the extent to which the law protects the injured party, assessing the adequacy of existing civil-liability rules, and emphasizing the difficulties associated with proving fault and causation, as well as identifying the responsible party within the complex smart-transactions ecosystems. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to determine how civil liability arising from the use of AI systems in numerous fields may be attributed, and to identify the future legal implications of such systems in light of the general rules of the UAE Civil Transactions Law and the substance of the EU regulation. Accordingly, the study presents a contemporary legal perspective on conventional culpability to safeguard the harmed person against AI faults and hallucinations. It concludes by proposing innovative legal mechanisms, such as strict (objective) liability, transparency obligations, and compulsory insurance, to compensate the injured party for 'digital harm' caused by AI technologies. The research indicates that legal responsibility and technical innovation must be balanced to safeguard the damaged party.

Identifiants

OPENALEX

W7155561573

DOI

10.12688/f1000research.179603.1

Repères documentaires

Famille documentaire

Doctrine

Types déclarés par les sources

article

Entités naturelles mentionnées

Écosystème

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Sources

OpenAlex · Document 1 · Document 2

• DOI · https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.179603.1
• OpenAlex · https://openalex.org/W7155561573

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• openalex:w4288729348 · CITES
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• openalex:w4411456973 · CITES
• openalex:w4412674679 · CITES
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• openalex:w7135212330 · CITES
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