UDTR Global Rights of Nature Radar

Criteria for Recognition of AI as a Legal Person

Identification

Public canonical key

doi:10.5539/jpl.v12n3p105

Authors

Роман Дремлюга · Pavel Kuznetcov · Alexey Yu. Mamychev

Reported year

2019

Reported language

en

Source type

article

First detected

2026-11-09T19:04:47.856836+00:00

Last metadata observation

2026-11-09T19:04:47.856836+00:00

Last HTTP verification

Not checked

Institutions reported by the source

Far Eastern Federal University · Moscow State Institute of International Relations

Reported affiliation countries

RU

Documentary abstract — original language

This question of AI legal personhood is mostly theoretical today. In article we try to generalize some common ways that existing in legal theory and practice. We analyze some cases of recognition of untypical legal persons as well enacted statements in Europe and USA. Readers will not find a detailed methodology in the paper, but rather a list of criteria that is helpful to make a decision on granting legal personhood. Practices of European Union and the United States indicate that common approaches to the legal personality of some kinds of AI are already developed. Both countries are strongly against legal personhood of intellectual war machines. Liability for any damage of misbehavior of military AI is still on competence of military officers. In case of civil application of AI there are two options. AI could be as legal person or as an agent of business relations with other legal persons. Every legal person has to be recognized as such by society. All untypical legal persons have wide recognition of society. When considering the issue of introducing a new legal person into the legal system, legislators must take into account the rights of already existing subjects. Policy makers have to analyze how such legal innovation will comply with previous legal order, first of all how it will affect the fundamental rights and freedoms of the human beings. The legal personhood of androgenic robots that can imitate human behavior regarded in paper as a good solution to minimize illegal and immoral acts committed with their involvement. It would be a factor that keep people from taking action against robots very similar to people. Authors conclude that key factors would be how society will react to a new legal person, how changing of legal rules will affect legal system and why it is necessary. At least all new untypical legal persons are recognized by society, affects of the legal system in manageable way and brings definite benefits to state and society.

Identifiers

DOI

10.5539/jpl.v12n3p105

OPENALEX

W2969338920

Documentary context

Documentary family

Scholarship

Source-reported types

article

Entity mentions are not evidence of legal recognition. Jurisdiction studied is separate from author affiliation country.

Sources

OpenAlex · Record 1 · Record 2

• DOI · https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v12n3p105
• OpenAlex · https://openalex.org/W2969338920

Documented bibliographic relations

Source-declared references and links; they do not establish legal support or UGLC qualification. Up to 20 outgoing references are displayed.

• openalex:w2006398501 · CITES
• openalex:w2067136403 · CITES
• openalex:w2767200912 · CITES
• An Indivisible and Living Whole: Do We Value Nature Enough to Grant It Personhood? · CITES
• openalex:w3041222482 · CITES
• openalex:w3107360990 · CITES

5 incoming references within the detected corpus

Documentary status

Relevance pending

Library

This identity is not yet included in the Legal Library.