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Regulatory Compliance of Community-Based Conservation Organizations: Empirical Evidence from Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal

Identification

Public canonical key
doi:10.3390/su12229420
Authors
Nabin Baral · Joel T. Heinen
Reported year
2020
Reported language
en
Source type
article
First detected
2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00
Last metadata observation
2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00
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Not checked

Institutions reported by the source

Florida International University · University of Washington

Documentary abstract — original language

Community-based conservation in the developing world generally puts more emphasis on voluntary commitments and compliance rather than enforcement of formal laws and regulations for the governance of protected areas. However, as with other forms of organizational management, once institutions are established, they are required to comply with all relevant, legally binding regulations. Furthermore, it is broadly assumed that compliance with established regulations is critical for good governance. In this paper, we review these matters through an empirical study of Conservation Area Management Committees’ degree of compliance with regulations under Nepalese law, within the Annapurna Conservation Area—one of the best-known community-based protected areas worldwide—based on quantitative content analysis of the committees’ meeting minutes from 2008 to 2012. According to the established rules, two to four women and one to five minorities serve as committee members in each instance. On average, fewer members than expected attended meetings, and the number of decisions made per meeting showed a curvilinear relationship with the number of members present as well as their demographic diversity. Of the 13 committees selected for study, only two met the legal mandate of holding six regular meetings annually within two-month intervals. In all the other cases, non-compliance was noted for one to all five years of the committees’ terms. In general, compliance declined over the five-year terms, and some committees were significantly less-compliant than others. Although enforceable decisions were made within both compliant and non-compliant committees, several problems of non-compliance were identified that may affect conservation outcomes. We suggest several possible reasons for non-compliance and argue that these may be symptoms of institutional weaknesses. Organizations that fail to meet their commitments risk liability and may also lose the formal legal authority to govern. Regular monitoring is recommended to address compliance issues.

Identifiers

OPENALEX
W3103181066
DOI
10.3390/su12229420

Documentary context

Documentary family
Scholarship
Source-reported types
article
Jurisdictions studied — explicit sources
NP

Entity mentions are not evidence of legal recognition. Jurisdiction studied is separate from author affiliation country.

Sources

OpenAlex · Record 1 · Record 2

Documented bibliographic relations

Source-declared references and links; they do not establish legal support or UGLC qualification. Up to 20 outgoing references are displayed.

  • openalex:w1469853 · CITES
  • openalex:w1539884278 · CITES
  • openalex:w1562963548 · CITES
  • openalex:w1575054750 · CITES
  • openalex:w1605837456 · CITES
  • openalex:w1609810996 · CITES
  • openalex:w1968223252 · CITES
  • openalex:w1972747974 · CITES
  • openalex:w1975241701 · CITES
  • openalex:w1982680954 · CITES
  • openalex:w1988040495 · CITES
  • Management Regimes, Property Rights, and Forest Biodiversity in Nepal and India · CITES
  • openalex:w1999810850 · CITES
  • openalex:w2002482835 · CITES
  • openalex:w2003908364 · CITES
  • openalex:w2006315794 · CITES
  • openalex:w2006849063 · CITES
  • openalex:w2012333425 · CITES
  • openalex:w2018084459 · CITES
  • openalex:w2019566739 · CITES

0 incoming references within the detected corpus

Documentary field provenance

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Cite this reference

Nabin Baral; Joel T. Heinen. Regulatory Compliance of Community-Based Conservation Organizations: Empirical Evidence from Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229420

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APA, Chicago, ISO 690: bibliographic formats using available fields. OSCOLA / Bluebook: structured data only; full legal citation compliance is not claimed without verification of required elements.

APA
Nabin Baral; Joel T. Heinen. (2020). Regulatory Compliance of Community-Based Conservation Organizations: Empirical Evidence from Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229420
Chicago
Nabin Baral; Joel T. Heinen. Regulatory Compliance of Community-Based Conservation Organizations: Empirical Evidence from Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229420
ISO 690
Nabin Baral; Joel T. Heinen. Regulatory Compliance of Community-Based Conservation Organizations: Empirical Evidence from Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229420

UDTR Global Rights of Nature Legal Library. Regulatory Compliance of Community-Based Conservation Organizations: Empirical Evidence from Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Documentary record: https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-05c832fc7c20d295af91406dbdb07d36/ · Last HTTP verification: not performed

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Field provenance and record version

Version 4c6182fa42362095 · udtr-reference-1.1.2

Title
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00
Authors
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00
Year
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00
Identifiers
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00
Source URL
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00
Source-reported author ORCID
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00

History tracks record metadata and does not certify the state of the law.

5bbaffa2fb792824 · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00

b93463fd0f5cf709 · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00

f7f32869894c7423 · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00

4c6182fa42362095 · 2026-11-09T19:17:40.299299+00:00

Frozen-version metadata

Research dossiers and documentary relations

NP ·

Florida International University

University of Washington

Joel T. Heinen

Nabin Baral

Source roles

Discovery source · https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229420

Discovery source · https://openalex.org/W3103181066

An authority link alone does not verify a legal claim. Abstracts and full texts remain subject to their source terms.

Documentary status

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Library

This identity is not yet included in the Legal Library.

UDTR Global Rights of Nature Legal Library