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Intellectus ex machina: Visibility, potential legal personality, liability for the actions and decisions of artificial intelligence

Identification

Clé publique

radar:r-d3216596871ce506f5cd88980c3527a1

Auteurs

Вадим Виноградов

Année déclarée

2025

Langue déclarée

en

Type source

article

Première détection

2026-11-14T02:14:07.373343+00:00

Dernière observation des métadonnées

2026-11-14T02:14:07.373343+00:00

Dernière vérification HTTP

Non effectuée

Institutions déclarées par la source

National Research University Higher School of Economics

Pays d’affiliation déclarés

RU

Résumé documentaire — langue originale

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, like that of any emerging technology, brings significant challenges to the legal system. Among the most pressing issues associated with the use of AI are threats to the cybersecurity of critical infrastructure, employment disruptions, violations of the right to personal data protection, discrimination, and the spread of misinformation, including through generative models. In the context of accelerating digitalization, it has become evident that the previously dominant model of soft regulation is no longer capable of ensuring adequate protection of rights and freedoms. This article, therefore, argues for the need to develop an effective legal framework for AI governance. The author proposes introducing a legal obligation to inform users about their interaction with AI systems, as identifying such systems is becoming increasingly difficult without specific tools. Labelling is proposed as a key mechanism to enhance the “visibility” and transparency of AI applications — a practice already adopted in several foreign jurisdictions. Particular attentionis given to the issue of AI legal personality: as AI systems grow more complex, the need for a clear legal definition of their status becomes increasingly urgent. Closely linked to this is the matter of legal liability for the actions and decisions of AI systems. Given the potential for errors, hallucinations, and unpredictable outcomes in AI behavior, it is critical to determine who bears responsibility — the developer, the user, or the system’s owner. The author stresses that, despite ongoing debates, as long as we are dealing with so-called “weak AI”, it remains an object, not a subject of law, and liability must be allocated according to the specific context of its deployment.

Identifiants

OPENALEX

https://openalex.org/W7221153782

DOI

10.21638/spbu14.2025.301

Repères documentaires

Famille documentaire

article

Types déclarés par les sources

article

Éditeurs

Saint Petersburg State University

Les mentions d’entités ne constituent pas une preuve de reconnaissance juridique. La juridiction étudiée est distincte du pays d’affiliation des auteurs.

Sources

OpenAlex · Document 1

• Document · https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2025.301

Statut documentaire

Pertinence à examiner

Bibliothèque

Cette identité n’est pas encore intégrée à la Bibliothèque juridique.