UDTR Global Rights of Nature Radar

Livelihood gains and ecological costs of non-timber forest product dependence: assessing the roles of dependence, ecological knowledge and market structure in three contrasting human and ecological settings in south India

Identification

Public canonical key

doi:10.1017/s0376892904001596

Authors

Ramanan Uma Shaanker · K. N. Ganeshaiah · Smitha Krishnan · Razanah Ramya · C. Meera · N. A. Aravind · Arvind Kumar · Dinesh Rao · Ganapathy Vanaraj · Jayaraj M. Ramachandra · REMI GAUTHIER · Jaboury Ghazoul · Nigel Poole · B.V. Chinnappa Reddy

Reported year

2004

Reported language

en

Source type

article

First detected

2026-11-09T19:19:30.270540+00:00

Last metadata observation

2026-11-09T19:19:30.270540+00:00

Last HTTP verification

Not checked

Institutions reported by the source

Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment · Imperial College London · Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research · University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore

Documentary abstract — original language

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) constitute the single largest determinant of livelihoods for scores of forest fringe communities and poor people in the tropics. In India over 50 million people are believed to be directly dependent upon NTFPs for their subsistence. However, such human dependence on NTFPs for livelihood gains (win) has most frequently been at a certain ecological cost (lose). If livelihoods are to be maintained, the existing ‘win-lose’ settings have to be steered to a ‘win-win’ mode, otherwise, there could be severe erosion of the biological resources and loss of livelihoods (‘lose-lose’). Examining the dependence of forest fringe communities on NTFPs at three sites in south India with contrasting human and ecological settings, three key factors (extent of dependence on NTFPs, indigenous ecological knowledge and market organization) are likely to constrain reaching the win-win situation. How these factors shape the ecological cost of harvesting NTFPs at the three sites is examined. Within the parameter space of these factors, it is possible to predict outcomes and associations that will conform to win-win or win-lose situations. Empirical data derived from the three study sites demonstrate the causality of the observed associations. The key for long-term livelihood gains lies in reducing the ecological cost. Certain interventions and recommendations that could optimize the balance between livelihood gains and ecological cost are proposed.

Identifiers

OPENALEX

W2108772134

DOI

10.1017/s0376892904001596

Documentary context

Documentary family

Scholarship

Source-reported types

article

Jurisdictions studied — explicit sources

IN

Natural entities mentioned

Forest

Entity mentions are not evidence of legal recognition. Jurisdiction studied is separate from author affiliation country.

Sources

OpenAlex · Record 1 · Record 2

• DOI · https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001596
• OpenAlex · https://openalex.org/W2108772134

Documented bibliographic relations

Source-declared references and links; they do not establish legal support or UGLC qualification. Up to 20 outgoing references are displayed.

• openalex:w1019214211 · CITES
• openalex:w1525075957 · CITES
• openalex:w1575299154 · CITES
• openalex:w1632356912 · CITES
• openalex:w2078020758 · CITES
• openalex:w2088077074 · CITES
• openalex:w2143943407 · CITES
• openalex:w2155444469 · CITES
• openalex:w2175723801 · CITES
• openalex:w2179651648 · CITES
• openalex:w2225868550 · CITES
• openalex:w2312363820 · CITES
• openalex:w2480108216 · CITES
• openalex:w2612147227 · CITES
• openalex:w2760169964 · CITES
• openalex:w2798185381 · CITES
• openalex:w3121147769 · CITES
• openalex:w4285719527 · CITES
• openalex:w4298413470 · CITES
• openalex:w6629889966 · CITES

0 incoming references within the detected corpus

Documentary status

Relevance pending

Library

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