Water, Air, Fire, and Earth
Identification
- Public canonical key
- doi:10.1177/00116502034004001
- Authors
- Peter H. Kahn · Orlando M. Lourenço
- Reported year
- 2002
- Reported language
- en
- Source type
- article
- First detected
- 2026-11-09T19:04:47.573799+00:00
- Last metadata observation
- 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
- Last HTTP verification
- Not checked
Institutions reported by the source
University of Lisbon · University of Washington
Reported affiliation countries
PT · US
Documentary abstract — original language
This study contributes to our understanding of the origins and development of the human relationship with nature. The authors interviewed 120 participants (aged approximately 10 years, 5 months; 13 years, 6 months; 16 years, 7 months; and 19 years, 4 months) in Lisbon, Portugal, about environmental moral issues that involved water pollution, air pollution, forest fires, and logging. Results showed that participants conceived of polluting their localwaterway as a violation of a moral obligation. Participants’ justifications for these and other evaluations included both anthropocentric appeals (e.g., to personal interests, human welfare, and aesthetics) and biocentric appeals (e.g., that nature has intrinsic value or rights). Participants’ conceptions of living in harmony with nature showed a developmental trend. Finally, cross-cultural comparisons with studies conducted in the United States and the Brazilian Amazon support theproposition that therearesubstantial similarities in the environmental moral reasoning of young people across diverse cultures.
Identifiers
- OPENALEX
- W2090507159
- DOI
- 10.1177/00116502034004001
Documentary context
- Documentary family
- Scholarship
- Source-reported types
- article
- Natural entities mentioned
- Forest
Entity mentions are not evidence of legal recognition. Jurisdiction studied is separate from author affiliation country.
Sources
OpenAlex · Record 1 · Record 2
Documented bibliographic relations
Source-declared references and links; they do not establish legal support or UGLC qualification. Up to 20 outgoing references are displayed.
- openalex:w113059328 · CITES
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- openalex:w1591221434 · CITES
- openalex:w1597476673 · CITES
- openalex:w163121798 · CITES
- openalex:w179560400 · CITES
- openalex:w1956004138 · CITES
- openalex:w1963942305 · CITES
- openalex:w1965737202 · CITES
- openalex:w1967586627 · CITES
- openalex:w1971315340 · CITES
- openalex:w1988842270 · CITES
- openalex:w1989985758 · CITES
- openalex:w2003834949 · CITES
- openalex:w2013929183 · CITES
0 incoming references within the detected corpus
Documentary field provenance
Source-backed values and values with unresolved provenance are kept separately. Bibliographic provenance validates no legal claim.
- Title
- Documentary source reported
- Publication
- Documentary source reported
- Authors
- Documentary source reported
- Document type
- Documentary source reported
- Jurisdiction
- Not recorded
- Court
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- Issuing authority
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- Documentary source reported
- ISBN
- Not recorded
- Official identifier
- Not recorded
- Source URL
- Documentary source reported
- Source-reported status
- Not recorded
- Amendment / repeal
- Not recorded
Cite this reference
Peter H. Kahn; Orlando M. Lourenço. Water, Air, Fire, and Earth. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1177/00116502034004001
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APA, Chicago, ISO 690: bibliographic formats using available fields. OSCOLA / Bluebook: structured data only; full legal citation compliance is not claimed without verification of required elements.
- APA
- Peter H. Kahn; Orlando M. Lourenço. (2002). Water, Air, Fire, and Earth. https://doi.org/10.1177/00116502034004001
- Chicago
- Peter H. Kahn; Orlando M. Lourenço. Water, Air, Fire, and Earth. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1177/00116502034004001
- ISO 690
- Peter H. Kahn; Orlando M. Lourenço. Water, Air, Fire, and Earth. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1177/00116502034004001
UDTR Global Rights of Nature Legal Library. Water, Air, Fire, and Earth. Documentary record: https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-b768c577894882f4dcf754faef1e56d6/ · Last HTTP verification: not performed
Field provenance and record version
Version 4bbb85543b09e747 · udtr-reference-1.1.2
- Title
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
- Authors
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
- Year
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
- Identifiers
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
- Source URL
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
- Source-reported author ORCID
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
History tracks record metadata and does not certify the state of the law.
81a73a95f7c4867b · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
e85950942ec8d7e3 · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
d3a7226cf4ab8d08 · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
4bbb85543b09e747 · 2026-11-09T19:05:25.834695+00:00
Research dossiers and documentary relations
Source roles
Discovery source · https://doi.org/10.1177/00116502034004001
Discovery source · https://openalex.org/W2090507159
An authority link alone does not verify a legal claim. Abstracts and full texts remain subject to their source terms.
Documentary status
Relevance pending
Library
This identity is not yet included in the Legal Library.