Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites
Identification
- Public canonical key
- radar:r-b604451cebff7e29c4f03ed57e5d9aec
- Authors
- David E. Reed · Housen Chu · B. G. Peter · Jiquan Chen · Michael Abraha · B. D. Amiro · Ray G. Anderson · Muhammad Altaf Arain · Paulo Henrique Zanella de Arruda · Greg A. Barron‐Gafford · Carl J. Bernacchi · Daniel P. Beverly · Sebastien Christophe Biraud · T. A. Black · Peter D. Blanken · Gil Bohrer · Rebecca Bowler · D. R. Bowling · Marion Syndonia Bret-Harte · Mario Bretfeld · N. A. Brunsell · Stephen H. Bullock · Gerardo Celis · Xingyuan Chen · Aimée T. Classen · David R. Cook · Alejandro Cueva · Higo J. Dalmagro · K. J. Davis · Ankur Rashmikant Desai · Alison J. Duff · Allison L. Dunn · David Durden · Colin W. Edgar · Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen · Rosvel Bracho · Brent E. Ewers · Lawrence B. Flanagan · Christopher Florian · Vanessa N. Foord · Inke Forbrich · Brandon Forsythe · John M. Frank · Jaime Garatuza‐Payán · Sarah Goslee · Christopher M. Gough · Mark B. Green · Timothy J. Griffis · Manuel Helbig · Andrew C. Hill · Ross Hinkle · Jason Horne · Elyn R Humphreys · Hiroki Ikawa · Go Iwahana · Rachhpal S. Jassal · Bruce Johnson · Mark Stephen Johnson · Steven A. Kannenberg · Eric P. Kelsey · John S. King · John F. Knowles · Sara Knox · Hideki Kobayashi · Thomas E. Kolb · Randall K. Kolka · Ken W. Krauss · Lars Kutzbach · Brian Lamb · Beverly Elizabeth Law · Sung‐Ching Lee · Xuhui Lee · Heping Liu · Henry W. Loescher · Sparkle Leigh Malone · Roser Matamala · Marguerite Mauritz · Stefan Metzger · Gesa Meyer · Bhaskar Mitra · J. William Munger · Zoran Nesic · Asko Noormets A · T. L. O’Halloran · Patrick T. O'Keeffe · Steven F. Oberbauer · Walter C. Oechel · Patty Oikawa · Paulo C. Olivas · Andrew P. Ouimette · Gilberto Zonta Pastorello Junior · Jorge F. Pérez‐Quezada · Claire L. Phillips · Gabriela Posse · Bo Qu · William L. Quinton · Michele L. Reba · Andrew David Richardson · Valentín Picasso · Adrian V. Rocha
- Reported year
- 2025
- Reported language
- en
- Source type
- article
- First detected
- 2026-11-14T02:03:12.719925+00:00
- Last metadata observation
- 2026-11-14T02:03:12.719925+00:00
- Last HTTP verification
- Not checked
Institutions reported by the source
University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma · Yale University · Michigan State University · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · University of Arkansas at Fayetteville · LI-COR Biosciences (United States) · University of Manitoba · Agricultural Research Service · United States Department of Agriculture · U.S. Salinity Laboratory · McMaster University · Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso · University of Arizona · Indiana University Bloomington · Indiana University · University of British Columbia · University of Colorado Boulder · The Ohio State University · Government of British Columbia · University of Utah · University of Alaska Fairbanks · Kennesaw State University
Reported affiliation countries
BR · CA · US
Documentary abstract — original language
• Air temperature and net radiation followed a latitude gradient in clustering. • Clustering of fluxes was related to mean annual temperature and precipitation. • Site uniqueness was quantified, and proximal sites pairs were more similar. • Unique sites were in urban, open water, mountains, Hawaii, and Latin America. Environmental observation networks, such as AmeriFlux, are foundational for monitoring ecosystem response to climate change, management practices, and natural disturbances; however, their effectiveness depends on their representativeness for the regions or continents. We proposed an empirical, time series approach to quantify the similarity of ecosystem fluxes across AmeriFlux sites. We extracted the diel and seasonal characteristics (i.e., amplitudes, phases) from carbon dioxide, water vapor, energy, and momentum fluxes, which reflect the effects of climate, plant phenology, and ecophysiology on the observations, and explored the potential aggregations of AmeriFlux sites through hierarchical clustering. While net radiation and temperature showed latitudinal clustering as expected, flux variables revealed a more uneven clustering with many small (number of sites < 5), unique groups and a few large (> 100) to intermediate (15–70) groups, highlighting the significant ecological regulations of ecosystem fluxes. Many identified unique groups were from under-sampled ecoregions and biome types of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), with distinct flux dynamics compared to the rest of the network. At the finer spatial scale, local topography, disturbance, management, edaphic, and hydrological regimes further enlarge the difference in flux dynamics within the groups. Nonetheless, our clustering approach is a data-driven method to interpret the AmeriFlux network, informing future cross-site syntheses, upscaling, and model-data benchmarking research. Finally, we highlighted the unique and underrepresented sites in the AmeriFlux network, which were found mainly in Hawaii and Latin America, mountains, and at under-sampled IGBP types (e.g., urban, open water), motivating the incorporation of new/unregistered sites from these groups.
Identifiers
- OPENALEX
- https://openalex.org/W4411583516
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110686
Documentary context
- Documentary family
- article
- Source-reported types
- article
- Publishers
- Elsevier BV
Entity mentions are not evidence of legal recognition. Jurisdiction studied is separate from author affiliation country.
Sources
OpenAlex · Record 1
Cite this reference
David E. Reed; Housen Chu; B. G. Peter; Jiquan Chen; Michael Abraha; B. D. Amiro; Ray G. Anderson; Muhammad Altaf Arain; Paulo Henrique Zanella de Arruda; Greg A. Barron‐Gafford; Carl J. Bernacchi; Daniel P. Beverly; Sebastien Christophe Biraud; T. A. Black; Peter D. Blanken; Gil Bohrer; Rebecca Bowler; D. R. Bowling; Marion Syndonia Bret-Harte; Mario Bretfeld; N. A. Brunsell; Stephen H. Bullock; Gerardo Celis; Xingyuan Chen; Aimée T. Classen; David R. Cook; Alejandro Cueva; Higo J. Dalmagro; K. J. Davis; Ankur Rashmikant Desai; Alison J. Duff; Allison L. Dunn; David Durden; Colin W. Edgar; Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen; Rosvel Bracho; Brent E. Ewers; Lawrence B. Flanagan; Christopher Florian; Vanessa N. Foord; Inke Forbrich; Brandon Forsythe; John M. Frank; Jaime Garatuza‐Payán; Sarah Goslee; Christopher M. Gough; Mark B. Green; Timothy J. Griffis; Manuel Helbig; Andrew C. Hill; Ross Hinkle; Jason Horne; Elyn R Humphreys; Hiroki Ikawa; Go Iwahana; Rachhpal S. Jassal; Bruce Johnson; Mark Stephen Johnson; Steven A. Kannenberg; Eric P. Kelsey; John S. King; John F. Knowles; Sara Knox; Hideki Kobayashi; Thomas E. Kolb; Randall K. Kolka; Ken W. Krauss; Lars Kutzbach; Brian Lamb; Beverly Elizabeth Law; Sung‐Ching Lee; Xuhui Lee; Heping Liu; Henry W. Loescher; Sparkle Leigh Malone; Roser Matamala; Marguerite Mauritz; Stefan Metzger; Gesa Meyer; Bhaskar Mitra; J. William Munger; Zoran Nesic; Asko Noormets A; T. L. O’Halloran; Patrick T. O'Keeffe; Steven F. Oberbauer; Walter C. Oechel; Patty Oikawa; Paulo C. Olivas; Andrew P. Ouimette; Gilberto Zonta Pastorello Junior; Jorge F. Pérez‐Quezada; Claire L. Phillips; Gabriela Posse; Bo Qu; William L. Quinton; Michele L. Reba; Andrew David Richardson; Valentín Picasso; Adrian V. Rocha. Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110686
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APA, Chicago, ISO 690: bibliographic formats using available fields. OSCOLA / Bluebook: structured data only; full legal citation compliance is not claimed without verification of required elements.
- APA
- David E. Reed; Housen Chu; B. G. Peter; Jiquan Chen; Michael Abraha; B. D. Amiro; Ray G. Anderson; Muhammad Altaf Arain; Paulo Henrique Zanella de Arruda; Greg A. Barron‐Gafford; Carl J. Bernacchi; Daniel P. Beverly; Sebastien Christophe Biraud; T. A. Black; Peter D. Blanken; Gil Bohrer; Rebecca Bowler; D. R. Bowling; Marion Syndonia Bret-Harte; Mario Bretfeld; N. A. Brunsell; Stephen H. Bullock; Gerardo Celis; Xingyuan Chen; Aimée T. Classen; David R. Cook; Alejandro Cueva; Higo J. Dalmagro; K. J. Davis; Ankur Rashmikant Desai; Alison J. Duff; Allison L. Dunn; David Durden; Colin W. Edgar; Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen; Rosvel Bracho; Brent E. Ewers; Lawrence B. Flanagan; Christopher Florian; Vanessa N. Foord; Inke Forbrich; Brandon Forsythe; John M. Frank; Jaime Garatuza‐Payán; Sarah Goslee; Christopher M. Gough; Mark B. Green; Timothy J. Griffis; Manuel Helbig; Andrew C. Hill; Ross Hinkle; Jason Horne; Elyn R Humphreys; Hiroki Ikawa; Go Iwahana; Rachhpal S. Jassal; Bruce Johnson; Mark Stephen Johnson; Steven A. Kannenberg; Eric P. Kelsey; John S. King; John F. Knowles; Sara Knox; Hideki Kobayashi; Thomas E. Kolb; Randall K. Kolka; Ken W. Krauss; Lars Kutzbach; Brian Lamb; Beverly Elizabeth Law; Sung‐Ching Lee; Xuhui Lee; Heping Liu; Henry W. Loescher; Sparkle Leigh Malone; Roser Matamala; Marguerite Mauritz; Stefan Metzger; Gesa Meyer; Bhaskar Mitra; J. William Munger; Zoran Nesic; Asko Noormets A; T. L. O’Halloran; Patrick T. O'Keeffe; Steven F. Oberbauer; Walter C. Oechel; Patty Oikawa; Paulo C. Olivas; Andrew P. Ouimette; Gilberto Zonta Pastorello Junior; Jorge F. Pérez‐Quezada; Claire L. Phillips; Gabriela Posse; Bo Qu; William L. Quinton; Michele L. Reba; Andrew David Richardson; Valentín Picasso; Adrian V. Rocha. (2025). Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110686
- Chicago
- David E. Reed; Housen Chu; B. G. Peter; Jiquan Chen; Michael Abraha; B. D. Amiro; Ray G. Anderson; Muhammad Altaf Arain; Paulo Henrique Zanella de Arruda; Greg A. Barron‐Gafford; Carl J. Bernacchi; Daniel P. Beverly; Sebastien Christophe Biraud; T. A. Black; Peter D. Blanken; Gil Bohrer; Rebecca Bowler; D. R. Bowling; Marion Syndonia Bret-Harte; Mario Bretfeld; N. A. Brunsell; Stephen H. Bullock; Gerardo Celis; Xingyuan Chen; Aimée T. Classen; David R. Cook; Alejandro Cueva; Higo J. Dalmagro; K. J. Davis; Ankur Rashmikant Desai; Alison J. Duff; Allison L. Dunn; David Durden; Colin W. Edgar; Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen; Rosvel Bracho; Brent E. Ewers; Lawrence B. Flanagan; Christopher Florian; Vanessa N. Foord; Inke Forbrich; Brandon Forsythe; John M. Frank; Jaime Garatuza‐Payán; Sarah Goslee; Christopher M. Gough; Mark B. Green; Timothy J. Griffis; Manuel Helbig; Andrew C. Hill; Ross Hinkle; Jason Horne; Elyn R Humphreys; Hiroki Ikawa; Go Iwahana; Rachhpal S. Jassal; Bruce Johnson; Mark Stephen Johnson; Steven A. Kannenberg; Eric P. Kelsey; John S. King; John F. Knowles; Sara Knox; Hideki Kobayashi; Thomas E. Kolb; Randall K. Kolka; Ken W. Krauss; Lars Kutzbach; Brian Lamb; Beverly Elizabeth Law; Sung‐Ching Lee; Xuhui Lee; Heping Liu; Henry W. Loescher; Sparkle Leigh Malone; Roser Matamala; Marguerite Mauritz; Stefan Metzger; Gesa Meyer; Bhaskar Mitra; J. William Munger; Zoran Nesic; Asko Noormets A; T. L. O’Halloran; Patrick T. O'Keeffe; Steven F. Oberbauer; Walter C. Oechel; Patty Oikawa; Paulo C. Olivas; Andrew P. Ouimette; Gilberto Zonta Pastorello Junior; Jorge F. Pérez‐Quezada; Claire L. Phillips; Gabriela Posse; Bo Qu; William L. Quinton; Michele L. Reba; Andrew David Richardson; Valentín Picasso; Adrian V. Rocha. Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110686
- ISO 690
- David E. Reed; Housen Chu; B. G. Peter; Jiquan Chen; Michael Abraha; B. D. Amiro; Ray G. Anderson; Muhammad Altaf Arain; Paulo Henrique Zanella de Arruda; Greg A. Barron‐Gafford; Carl J. Bernacchi; Daniel P. Beverly; Sebastien Christophe Biraud; T. A. Black; Peter D. Blanken; Gil Bohrer; Rebecca Bowler; D. R. Bowling; Marion Syndonia Bret-Harte; Mario Bretfeld; N. A. Brunsell; Stephen H. Bullock; Gerardo Celis; Xingyuan Chen; Aimée T. Classen; David R. Cook; Alejandro Cueva; Higo J. Dalmagro; K. J. Davis; Ankur Rashmikant Desai; Alison J. Duff; Allison L. Dunn; David Durden; Colin W. Edgar; Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen; Rosvel Bracho; Brent E. Ewers; Lawrence B. Flanagan; Christopher Florian; Vanessa N. Foord; Inke Forbrich; Brandon Forsythe; John M. Frank; Jaime Garatuza‐Payán; Sarah Goslee; Christopher M. Gough; Mark B. Green; Timothy J. Griffis; Manuel Helbig; Andrew C. Hill; Ross Hinkle; Jason Horne; Elyn R Humphreys; Hiroki Ikawa; Go Iwahana; Rachhpal S. Jassal; Bruce Johnson; Mark Stephen Johnson; Steven A. Kannenberg; Eric P. Kelsey; John S. King; John F. Knowles; Sara Knox; Hideki Kobayashi; Thomas E. Kolb; Randall K. Kolka; Ken W. Krauss; Lars Kutzbach; Brian Lamb; Beverly Elizabeth Law; Sung‐Ching Lee; Xuhui Lee; Heping Liu; Henry W. Loescher; Sparkle Leigh Malone; Roser Matamala; Marguerite Mauritz; Stefan Metzger; Gesa Meyer; Bhaskar Mitra; J. William Munger; Zoran Nesic; Asko Noormets A; T. L. O’Halloran; Patrick T. O'Keeffe; Steven F. Oberbauer; Walter C. Oechel; Patty Oikawa; Paulo C. Olivas; Andrew P. Ouimette; Gilberto Zonta Pastorello Junior; Jorge F. Pérez‐Quezada; Claire L. Phillips; Gabriela Posse; Bo Qu; William L. Quinton; Michele L. Reba; Andrew David Richardson; Valentín Picasso; Adrian V. Rocha. Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110686
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UDTR Global Rights of Nature Legal Library. Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites. Documentary record: https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-b604451cebff7e29c4f03ed57e5d9aec/ · Last HTTP verification: not performed
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Bibliographic / original publication source · https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110686
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