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History, Socioeconomic Problems and Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining in the Andean Region of Ecuador

Identification

Public canonical key
doi:10.3390/ijerph19031190
Authors
Carlos Mestanza-Ramón · Robinson Ordoñez-Alcivar · Carla Arguello-Guadalupe · Katherin Carrera-Silva · Giovanni D’Orio · Salvatore Straface
Reported year
2022
Reported language
en
Source type
article
First detected
2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00
Last metadata observation
2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00
Last HTTP verification
Not checked

Institutions reported by the source

Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo · University of Calabria

Documentary abstract — original language

Mining in Ecuadorian territory comprises three stages of Ecuadorian history: pre-Columbian, colonial, and republican times. In its beginnings, this activity did not have regulations or a legal foundation. The first Mining Law dates back to 1830, and it has been modified until the most recent update in 2009. The Andean region consists of 10 provinces, 9 of which have registered gold concessions, the most important of which are Loja, Azuay, and in recent years, Imbabura and Pichincha, which are the provinces with the highest number of reported concessions. The objective of this study focused on analyzing the historical and current situation of Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASGM) and the emergence of large-scale (industrial) mining. For the elaboration of this study, different methodological techniques were used, such as literature review, field interviews, and expert judgment validation. The main findings show that the provinces of Loja, Azuay, Imbabura, and Pichincha are the most conflictive areas in the region due to the impacts caused by mining activities. In socio-economic terms, there are conflicts between inhabitants in favor and against these activities and problems associated with human health. In environmental terms, the findings suggest historical contamination of water sources by heavy metals, which has altered the surrounding aquatic and terrestrial systems. Finally, the study concludes that implementing public policies should be promoted to balance socio-economic and environmental aspects in gold mining activities in the Andean region of Ecuador, strengthening the use of new technologies and education to raise awareness of the serious effects of mining activities.

Identifiers

OPENALEX
W4205894787
DOI
10.3390/ijerph19031190

Documentary context

Documentary family
Scholarship
Source-reported types
article
Jurisdictions studied — explicit sources
EC
Natural entities mentioned
Territory

Entity mentions are not evidence of legal recognition. Jurisdiction studied is separate from author affiliation country.

Sources

OpenAlex · Record 1 · Record 2

Documented bibliographic relations

Source-declared references and links; they do not establish legal support or UGLC qualification. Up to 20 outgoing references are displayed.

2 incoming references within the detected corpus

Documentary field provenance

Source-backed values and values with unresolved provenance are kept separately. Bibliographic provenance validates no legal claim.

Title
Documentary source reported
Publication
Documentary source reported
Authors
Documentary source reported
Document type
Documentary source reported
Jurisdiction
Studied subject derived from explicit documentary context
Court
Not recorded
Issuing authority
Not recorded
Publisher
Not recorded
DOI
Documentary source reported
ISBN
Not recorded
Official identifier
Not recorded
Source URL
Documentary source reported
Source-reported status
Not recorded
Amendment / repeal
Not recorded

Cite this reference

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Robinson Ordoñez-Alcivar; Carla Arguello-Guadalupe; Katherin Carrera-Silva; Giovanni D’Orio; Salvatore Straface. History, Socioeconomic Problems and Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining in the Andean Region of Ecuador. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031190

JSON · CSL-JSON · BibTeX · RIS · CSV · JSON-LD ·

APA, Chicago, ISO 690: bibliographic formats using available fields. OSCOLA / Bluebook: structured data only; full legal citation compliance is not claimed without verification of required elements.

APA
Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Robinson Ordoñez-Alcivar; Carla Arguello-Guadalupe; Katherin Carrera-Silva; Giovanni D’Orio; Salvatore Straface. (2022). History, Socioeconomic Problems and Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining in the Andean Region of Ecuador. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031190
Chicago
Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Robinson Ordoñez-Alcivar; Carla Arguello-Guadalupe; Katherin Carrera-Silva; Giovanni D’Orio; Salvatore Straface. History, Socioeconomic Problems and Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining in the Andean Region of Ecuador. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031190
ISO 690
Carlos Mestanza-Ramón; Robinson Ordoñez-Alcivar; Carla Arguello-Guadalupe; Katherin Carrera-Silva; Giovanni D’Orio; Salvatore Straface. History, Socioeconomic Problems and Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining in the Andean Region of Ecuador. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031190

UDTR Global Rights of Nature Legal Library. History, Socioeconomic Problems and Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining in the Andean Region of Ecuador. Documentary record: https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-90c2b500c3cd6a1e2e6f2038e1f5628d/ · Last HTTP verification: not performed

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Field provenance and record version

Version 3823e08c8b3be737 · udtr-reference-1.1.2

Title
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00
Authors
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00
Year
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00
Identifiers
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00
Source URL
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00
Source-reported author ORCID
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00

History tracks record metadata and does not certify the state of the law.

a5983b2c1ce36d69 · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00

aea318b519512ad9 · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00

cb848aab8aa84b9d · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00

3823e08c8b3be737 · 2026-11-09T19:18:53.295541+00:00

Frozen-version metadata

Research dossiers and documentary relations

EC ·

Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo

University of Calabria

Carla Arguello-Guadalupe

Carlos Mestanza-Ramón

Giovanni D’Orio

Katherin Carrera-Silva

Robinson Ordoñez-Alcivar

Salvatore Straface

Source roles

Discovery source · https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031190

Discovery source · https://openalex.org/W4205894787

An authority link alone does not verify a legal claim. Abstracts and full texts remain subject to their source terms.

Documentary status

Relevance pending

Library

This identity is not yet included in the Legal Library.

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