Who bears the responsibility? Legal liability allocation for AI agent conduct in platform ecosystem
Identification
- Public canonical key
- doi:10.1080/23311886.2026.2691325
- Authors
- Zhenyang Zhang · Jinghui He
- Reported year
- 2026
- Reported language
- en
- Source type
- article
- First detected
- 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
- Last metadata observation
- 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
- Last HTTP verification
- Not checked
Institutions reported by the source
Dongguk University
Reported affiliation countries
KR
Documentary abstract — original language
When AI agents can autonomously access platforms and complete transactions on behalf of users, who should bear legal liability for their conduct: the developers, the users, or the platforms? Two landmark events in late 2025 – the Amazon v. Perplexity lawsuit in the United States and the platform bans on the Doubao AI Phone in China – reveal the urgency and complexity of this question through starkly different approaches to liability attribution. This article systematically examines the legal frameworks in the United States, the European Union, and China, finding that traditional agency law, product liability law, and computer fraud law struggle to effectively address liability allocation for AI agents. On this basis, this article proposes a tripartite liability allocation framework, advocating for dynamic liability allocation among developers, users, and platforms based on the AI agent’s degree of autonomy, the foreseeability of its conduct, and each party’s capacity for control.
Identifiers
- OPENALEX
- W7167205032
- DOI
- 10.1080/23311886.2026.2691325
Documentary context
- Documentary family
- Scholarship
- Source-reported types
- article
- Jurisdictions studied — explicit sources
- CN · US
- Natural entities mentioned
- Ecosystem
Entity mentions are not evidence of legal recognition. Jurisdiction studied is separate from author affiliation country.
Sources
OpenAlex · Record 1 · Record 2
Documented bibliographic relations
Source-declared references and links; they do not establish legal support or UGLC qualification. Up to 20 outgoing references are displayed.
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- openalex:w6962472301 · CITES
0 incoming references within the detected corpus
Documentary field provenance
Source-backed values and values with unresolved provenance are kept separately. Bibliographic provenance validates no legal claim.
- Title
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- Publication
- Documentary source reported
- Authors
- Documentary source reported
- Document type
- Documentary source reported
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- Studied subject derived from explicit documentary context
- Court
- Not recorded
- Issuing authority
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- Documentary source reported
- ISBN
- Not recorded
- Official identifier
- Not recorded
- Source URL
- Documentary source reported
- Source-reported status
- Not recorded
- Amendment / repeal
- Not recorded
Cite this reference
Zhenyang Zhang; Jinghui He. Who bears the responsibility? Legal liability allocation for AI agent conduct in platform ecosystem. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2026.2691325
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APA, Chicago, ISO 690: bibliographic formats using available fields. OSCOLA / Bluebook: structured data only; full legal citation compliance is not claimed without verification of required elements.
- APA
- Zhenyang Zhang; Jinghui He. (2026). Who bears the responsibility? Legal liability allocation for AI agent conduct in platform ecosystem. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2026.2691325
- Chicago
- Zhenyang Zhang; Jinghui He. Who bears the responsibility? Legal liability allocation for AI agent conduct in platform ecosystem. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2026.2691325
- ISO 690
- Zhenyang Zhang; Jinghui He. Who bears the responsibility? Legal liability allocation for AI agent conduct in platform ecosystem. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2026.2691325
UDTR Global Rights of Nature Legal Library. Who bears the responsibility? Legal liability allocation for AI agent conduct in platform ecosystem. Documentary record: https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-5b4e3712ceaf905d0520a75bfd586e3d/ · Last HTTP verification: not performed
Field provenance and record version
Version f67b94578dc40520 · udtr-reference-1.1.2
- Title
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
- Authors
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
- Year
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
- Identifiers
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
- Source URL
- OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
History tracks record metadata and does not certify the state of the law.
bfa3e5ec1beaf137 · 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
b6efc4b1806ac2c3 · 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
9e6e4120205a9fac · 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
f67b94578dc40520 · 2026-11-09T19:04:47.703264+00:00
Research dossiers and documentary relations
Source roles
Discovery source · https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2026.2691325
Discovery source · https://openalex.org/W7167205032
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Documentary status
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Library
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