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The Urgency of Regulating the In Dubio Pro Natura Principle within the National Environmental Law System

Identification

Public canonical key

doi:10.47268/tatohi.v5i11.3649

Authors

M Haikal Atabiya · Evi Retno Wulan

Reported year

2026

Reported language

en

Source type

article

First detected

2026-11-09T19:14:25.135890+00:00

Last metadata observation

2026-11-09T19:14:25.135890+00:00

Last HTTP verification

Not checked

Institutions reported by the source

Universitas Narotama

Documentary abstract — original language

Introduction: This article examines the alleged corruption in tugboat service operations at Pangkalbalam Port between 2020 and 2022. The issue emerged from several vessels that were not charged tugboat service fees, raising suspicions of potential state losses. The case became a legal concern because service exemptions in state-owned port enterprises must comply strictly with national maritime regulations.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to conduct a juridical analysis of whether the absence of tugboat service charges constitutes a corruption offense under Indonesian anti-corruption law. This research further seeks to clarify the legal classification of vessels subject to mandatory tug services and evaluate the regulatory compliance of port operators in determining service obligations.Methods of the Research: This study applies a normative juridical method using statutory, case, and jurisprudential approaches. Data sources include case files, maritime transport laws, Ministerial Regulations on pilotage and towage services, internal tariff policies of PT Pelindo, and relevant court decisions. These legal materials are analyzed systematically to determine whether all elements of corruption and state financial loss are fulfilled based on applicable legislation.Findings of the Research: The findings prove that the vessels exempted from tugboat service charges were legally categorized as non-mandatory tug vessels under Law Number 17/2008, Ministerial Regulation PM 57/2015, and PT Pelindo’s tariff policies. No elements of abuse of authority, illicit enrichment, or state financial loss were found; therefore, the case could not proceed to prosecution. This research offers novelty by clarifying vessel-classification mechanisms and recommending improved regulatory understanding for port operators.

Identifiers

OPENALEX

W7128293131

DOI

10.47268/tatohi.v5i11.3649

Documentary context

Documentary family

Scholarship

Source-reported types

article

Entity mentions are not evidence of legal recognition. Jurisdiction studied is separate from author affiliation country.

Sources

OpenAlex · Record 1 · Record 2

• DOI · https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v5i11.3649
• OpenAlex · https://openalex.org/W7128293131

Documented bibliographic relations

Source-declared references and links; they do not establish legal support or UGLC qualification. Up to 20 outgoing references are displayed.

• openalex:w2944236994 · CITES
• openalex:w4300518475 · CITES

0 incoming references within the detected corpus

Documentary status

Relevance pending

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