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Carbon permit allocation, carbon neutrality time and climate debt for one country under equal environmental human rights

Identification

Public canonical key
doi:10.1007/s00382-025-07991-3
Authors
Jianping Li
Reported year
2026
Reported language
en
Source type
article
First detected
2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00
Last metadata observation
2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00
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Institutions reported by the source

Ocean University of China · Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Documentary abstract — original language

This paper introduces the foundations of science and environmental human rights (EHRs) for carbon permit allocation (CPA) of one country, and the hierarchical framework of CPA and corresponding climate debt as well. Then, with the framework of equal EHRs, primary CPA, remaining carbon emission quota (RCEQ), mandatory carbon neutrality time (MCNT), cumulative atmospheric extra warming and climate debt for one country are studied. Observation analysis indicates that each 1000 Gt C of cumulative CO 2 emissions is assessed to likely cause a 0.49 °C increase in global mean surface air temperature (GMT) with a range [0.25–0.74]°C, higher than a 0.45 °C with a range [0.27–0.63]°C of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (in: Masson-Delmotte et al. (eds) Climate Change 2021: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, 2021). Observation and a climate-carbon model (CCM) demonstrate that the long-term warming in GMT since 1850 are the result of cumulative human emissions. Therefore, we further introduce a new carbon accounting system, the EPC (an equal per capita carbon quota under equal EHRs). For the 2 °C threshold and 2050 global carbon neutrality initiative, as of 2022, the USA, Canada, Russia, the UK, Germany, and Australia (C6 for short) no longer have any allowable carbon emission space, their total carbon emission deficits is up to 656.15 Gt C, their MCNTs are 1936, 1928, 1959, 1966, 1966, and 1988, respectively, and the cumulative climate debts of the USA and C6 have reached as high as about US $ 34.9 and 59.1 trillion (calculated at US $90 per tCO 2 ), respectively. The cumulative atmospheric extra warmings caused by the USA and C6 countries are ~ 0.194 and 0.328 °C, respectively, accounting for ~ 49% and 82% of the total extra warming caused, respectively, and explain 15.3% and 25.8% of the GMT increase since 1850, respectively, resulting in a serious deterioration of the EHRs in these countries with significant negative national EHRs indices. The China’s RCEQ is 423.23 Gt C, and its MCNT will be in 2061, indicating that the China’s commitment to achieving carbon neutrality before 2060 is fully in line with this outcome.

Identifiers

OPENALEX
W7133228096
DOI
10.1007/s00382-025-07991-3

Documentary context

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article

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OpenAlex · Record 1 · Record 2

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Cite this reference

Jianping Li. Carbon permit allocation, carbon neutrality time and climate debt for one country under equal environmental human rights. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07991-3

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APA
Jianping Li. (2026). Carbon permit allocation, carbon neutrality time and climate debt for one country under equal environmental human rights. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07991-3
Chicago
Jianping Li. Carbon permit allocation, carbon neutrality time and climate debt for one country under equal environmental human rights. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07991-3
ISO 690
Jianping Li. Carbon permit allocation, carbon neutrality time and climate debt for one country under equal environmental human rights. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07991-3

UDTR Global Rights of Nature Legal Library. Carbon permit allocation, carbon neutrality time and climate debt for one country under equal environmental human rights. Documentary record: https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-38d5529fb4d5a7bfb00a2d780c0b220b/ · Last HTTP verification: not performed

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Version 05c3134bb41780ec · udtr-reference-1.1.2

Title
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00
Authors
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00
Year
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00
Identifiers
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00
Source URL
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00
Source-reported author ORCID
OpenAlex · source · 2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00

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8d3a6464d132a5eb · 2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00

60eec4fecc87c071 · 2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00

1f9eb176e5a73e53 · 2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00

05c3134bb41780ec · 2026-11-09T19:16:39.523483+00:00

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Research dossiers and documentary relations

Ocean University of China

Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Jianping Li

Source roles

Discovery source · https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07991-3

Discovery source · https://openalex.org/W7133228096

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