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Obstetrices y medicae: la resiliencia femenina en la medicina romana (Tema Central)

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Public canonical key
handle:10644/10868
Authors
Barreiro Morales, María Elisabet
Reported year
2026
Reported language
es · spa
Source type
article
First detected
2026-11-09T19:07:35.339107+00:00
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2026-11-09T19:07:35.339107+00:00
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Documentary abstract — original language

This paper analyzes the role of women in medicine in Ancient Rome within a deeply patriarchal legal and social system. Although women were legally subordinated to male figures through institutions such as the tutela mulierum, they managed to play key roles in the medical field, particularly in gynecology and obstetrics. Obstetrices (midwives), often slaves or freedwomen, assisted in childbirth, managed contraceptive methods, and participated in legal proceedings related to reproduction. On the other hand, medicae, generally free women, held a higher social status and were able to treat various illnesses, even acting as general practitioners. Furthermore, this article highlights the lack of public hospitals in Rome, which meant that medical practice was mainly carried out in private spaces such as homes or small street clinics. While there was an official medicine influenced by Greek tradition, an empirical, popular medicine persisted, transmitted orally by women. Despite legal restrictions and the lack of formal recognition, women developed valuable and functional medical knowledge, especially concerning women’s health. The legacy of these healers is a testament to their resilience and adaptability in an environment that, although restrictive, could not do without their knowledge and work. Their role was essential in ensuring the continuity of community health in Rome. Este trabajo analiza el papel de la mujer en la medicina de la antigua Roma dentro de un sistema jurídico y social profundamente patriarcal. Aunque las mujeres estaban legalmente subordinadas a figuras masculinas a través de instituciones como la tutela mulierum, lograron desempeñar funciones clave en el ámbito médico, especialmente en la ginecología y la obstetricia. Las obstetrices (parteras), muchas veces esclavas o libertas, asistían partos, manejaban métodos anticonceptivos y participaban en procesos legales vinculados a la reproducción. Por otro lado, las medicae, generalmente mujeres libres, tenían un mayor estatus social y podían atender otras enfermedades, actuando incluso como “médicas generales”. Además, este artículo destaca la falta de hospitales públicos en Roma, lo que hizo que la medicina se ejerciera principalmente en espacios privados como hogares o pequeñas clínicas. Aunque existía una medicina oficial influida por la tradición griega, también persistió una medicina empírica popular, transmitida oralmente por mujeres. A pesar de las limitaciones legales y la falta de reconocimiento formal, las mujeres desarrollaron un saber médico valioso y funcional, especialmente en salud femenina. El legado de estas sanadoras es una muestra de resistencia y adaptación en un entorno que, aunque restrictivo, no pudo prescindir de su conocimiento y labor. Su papel fue esencial en la continuidad de la salud comunitaria en Roma. La metodología empleada combina un enfoque histórico-documental con un análisis de género y sociológico para examinar el papel de las mujeres en la medicina romana. La investigación se basa en el estudio de fuentes primarias, como los escritos de médicos de la época (Sorano de Éfeso, Plinio, Galeno) y el análisis de fuentes epigráficas y arqueológicas que documentan la presencia y el estatus de las medicae y obstetrices. Paralelamente, se utiliza un marco teórico de género para interpretar las estructuras de poder del sistema patriarcal romano, como la tutela mulierum, y entender de qué modo las mujeres lograron desarrollar un saber médico valioso y funcional, en gran medida a través de la medicina empírica popular transmitida oralmente, con lo que resistieron a la medicina oficial, dominada por hombres.

Identifiers

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10644/10868
OAI
oai:repositorio.uasb.edu.ec:10644/10868

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Cite this reference

Barreiro Morales, María Elisabet. Obstetrices y medicae: la resiliencia femenina en la medicina romana (Tema Central). 2026. https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-1e5da27fa5af01362f13e2287171ceaa/

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APA
Barreiro Morales, María Elisabet. (2026). Obstetrices y medicae: la resiliencia femenina en la medicina romana (Tema Central). https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-1e5da27fa5af01362f13e2287171ceaa/
Chicago
Barreiro Morales, María Elisabet. Obstetrices y medicae: la resiliencia femenina en la medicina romana (Tema Central). 2026. https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-1e5da27fa5af01362f13e2287171ceaa/
ISO 690
Barreiro Morales, María Elisabet. Obstetrices y medicae: la resiliencia femenina en la medicina romana (Tema Central). 2026. https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-1e5da27fa5af01362f13e2287171ceaa/

UDTR Global Rights of Nature Legal Library. Obstetrices y medicae: la resiliencia femenina en la medicina romana (Tema Central). Documentary record: https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-1e5da27fa5af01362f13e2287171ceaa/ · Last HTTP verification: not performed

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Title
Repository_UASB · 2026-11-09T19:07:35.339107+00:00
Authors
Repository_UASB · 2026-11-09T19:07:35.339107+00:00
Year
Repository_UASB · 2026-11-09T19:07:35.339107+00:00
Identifiers
Repository_UASB · 2026-11-09T19:07:35.339107+00:00

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c160b428306d3eca · 2026-11-09T19:07:35.339107+00:00

d6697717e06fec13 · 2026-11-09T19:07:35.339107+00:00

2660dffbc4880815 · 2026-11-09T19:07:35.339107+00:00

0dc0ba6875fbf825 · 2026-11-09T19:07:35.339107+00:00

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Barreiro Morales, María Elisabet

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Bibliographic / original publication source · https://hdl.handle.net/10644/10868

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