{"id":"r-95b92a131d4cbcce5d9e603a02f9067d","title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","authors":["Asamblea Nacional del Ecuador"],"year":2008,"type":"constitution","language":"es","jurisdictions":["EC"],"identifiers":[],"permanent_url":"https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-radar/reference/r-95b92a131d4cbcce5d9e603a02f9067d/","source_urls":["https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf"],"courts":[],"publishers":[],"legislative_bodies":[],"reported_dates":[],"named_natural_entities":[],"book_relations":{"parent_book_id":null,"chapter_ids":[]},"documentary_status":"LEGAL_LIBRARY_INCLUDED","first_indexed":"2026-11-09T19:04:47.827372+00:00","last_metadata_update":"2026-11-10T00:19:10.483031+00:00","last_verified":null,"rights":"Bibliographic facts only; third-party source terms apply. No abstract/full-text redistribution.","recorded_source_links":[],"validation_status":"LEGALLY_QUALIFIED","public_library_admissible":false,"public_library_url":"https://www.declarationuniverselledesdroitsdelarbre.org/global-rights-of-nature-legal-library/?ref=ecuador-2008","uglc_assessment":{"effectiveness":{"basis":"AUTOMATIC_EVIDENCE_SUFFICIENCY_ASSESSMENT","reason_en":"The evidence currently available does not establish this axis; no targeted documentary lead is established at this stage. This revisable state means neither an absence of rights nor an absence of a legal mechanism.","reason_fr":"Les éléments actuellement disponibles ne permettent pas d’établir cet axe ; aucune piste documentaire ciblée n’est établie à ce stade. Cet état est révisable et ne signifie ni absence de droits ni absence de mécanisme juridique.","sources":[],"status":"INDETERMINABLE","terms":[]},"legal_status":{"basis":"HUMAN_REVIEW","canonical_legal_work_id":"r-95b92a131d4cbcce5d9e603a02f9067d","reason_en":"Value(s) supported by approved evidence; each evidence item retains its own scope.","reason_fr":"Valeur(s) étayée(s) par les preuves approuvées ; la portée de chaque preuve est conservée.","sources":[{"axis":"legal_status","basis":"EXISTING_APPROVED_EVIDENCE","locator":"Art. 10 paragraph 2, printed p21 / PDF page21; arts71–74","reason_en":"Subject of constitutionally recognised rights; personhood not inferred.","reason_fr":"Sujet des droits constitutionnellement reconnus; personnalité non déduite.","scope":"operative_rule","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","source_url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf","term":"subject_of_rights","verified_at":"2026-11-07"},{"axis":"legal_status","content_kind":"OPERATIVE_PROVISION","excerpt":"Art. 10.- Las personas, comunidades, pueblos, nacionalidades y colectivos son titulares y gozarán de los derechos garantizados en la Constitución y en los instrumentos internacionales. La naturaleza será sujeto de aquellos derechos que le reconozca la Constitución.","excerpt_sha256":"a2498ba01ab7a7a91c1950ab754bc8ae0e837fbef475afa5cecb1fdfe16d7a95","locator":"art. 10","reason_en":"Article 10 expressly makes Nature a subject of the rights recognised by the Constitution. Legal personhood is not inferred.","reason_fr":"L’article 10 qualifie expressément la Nature de sujet des droits reconnus par la Constitution. Aucune personnalité juridique n’en est déduite.","scope":"CONSTITUTIONAL_TEXT_REPRODUCED_ON_OFFICIAL_JUDICIARY_HOST_NOT_COMPLETE_CURRENT_VERSION_CHAIN","source_priority":2,"source_text_sha256":"f4522d239c25091b57ed09b1aaf62cd2360e7653087aea2a4ce0f6779af0cc94","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador — official judiciary text","source_url":"https://www.funcionjudicial.gob.ec/resources/pdf/normativa/Constitucion-de-la-Republica-del-Ecuador.pdf","term":"subject_of_rights","verified_at":"2026-11-10"}],"status":"QUALIFIED","terms":["subject_of_rights"],"verified_at":"2026-11-07"},"object":{"basis":"HUMAN_REVIEW","canonical_legal_work_id":"r-95b92a131d4cbcce5d9e603a02f9067d","reason_en":"Value(s) supported by approved evidence; each evidence item retains its own scope.","reason_fr":"Valeur(s) étayée(s) par les preuves approuvées ; la portée de chaque preuve est conservée.","sources":[{"axis":"object","basis":"EXISTING_APPROVED_EVIDENCE","locator":"Art. 71","reason_en":"Nature/Pacha Mama is covered.","reason_fr":"La nature/Pacha Mama est visée.","scope":"operative_rule","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","source_url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf","term":"nature","verified_at":"2026-11-07"},{"axis":"object","content_kind":"OPERATIVE_PROVISION","excerpt":"Art. 71.- La naturaleza o Pacha Mama, donde se reproduce y realiza la vida, tiene derecho a que se respete integralmente su existencia y el mantenimiento y regeneración de sus ciclos vitales, estructura, funciones y procesos evolutivos. CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DEL ECUADOR - Página 35 LEXIS FINDER - www.lexis.com.ec Toda persona, comunidad, pueblo o nacionalidad podrá exigir a la autoridad pública el cumplimiento de los derechos de la naturaleza. Para aplicar e interpretar estos derechos se observarán los principios establecidos en la Constitución, en lo que proceda. El Estado incentivará a las personas naturales y jurídicas, y a los colectivos, para que protejan la naturaleza, y promoverá el respeto a todos los elementos que forman un ecosistema.","excerpt_sha256":"28747f1ea557c23f84ebd1e984781cdf3b4f60ad230de3aea8f0c0729a0edaff","locator":"art. 71","reason_en":"Article 71 expressly concerns Nature / Pacha Mama.","reason_fr":"L’article 71 vise expressément la Nature / Pacha Mama.","scope":"CONSTITUTIONAL_TEXT_REPRODUCED_ON_OFFICIAL_JUDICIARY_HOST_NOT_COMPLETE_CURRENT_VERSION_CHAIN","source_priority":2,"source_text_sha256":"f4522d239c25091b57ed09b1aaf62cd2360e7653087aea2a4ce0f6779af0cc94","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador — official judiciary text","source_url":"https://www.funcionjudicial.gob.ec/resources/pdf/normativa/Constitucion-de-la-Republica-del-Ecuador.pdf","term":"nature","verified_at":"2026-11-10"}],"status":"QUALIFIED","terms":["nature"],"verified_at":"2026-11-07"},"obligations":{"basis":"HUMAN_REVIEW","canonical_legal_work_id":"r-95b92a131d4cbcce5d9e603a02f9067d","reason_en":"Value(s) supported by approved evidence; each evidence item retains its own scope.","reason_fr":"Valeur(s) étayée(s) par les preuves approuvées ; la portée de chaque preuve est conservée.","sources":[{"axis":"obligations","basis":"EXISTING_APPROVED_EVIDENCE","locator":"Art. 73","reason_en":"Precaution and restrictions are required.","reason_fr":"Précaution et restriction sont imposées.","scope":"operative_rule","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","source_url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf","term":"prevention_duty","verified_at":"2026-11-07"},{"axis":"obligations","basis":"EXISTING_APPROVED_EVIDENCE","locator":"Art. 72–73","reason_en":"The State must adopt measures.","reason_fr":"L’État doit adopter des mesures.","scope":"operative_rule","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","source_url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf","term":"state","verified_at":"2026-11-07"},{"axis":"obligations","content_kind":"OPERATIVE_PROVISION","excerpt":"Art. 73.- El Estado aplicará medidas de precaución y restricción para las actividades que puedan conducir a la extinción de especies, la destrucción de ecosistemas o la alteración permanente de los ciclos naturales. Se prohíbe la introducción de organismos y material orgánico e inorgánico que puedan alterar de manera definitiva el patrimonio genético nacional.","excerpt_sha256":"ff07206729ad3bd6fe9e7d0abf37ce579e0f74a703ef9ecb3b6fdf86b0c2954a","locator":"art. 73","reason_en":"Article 73 requires State precautionary and restrictive measures; no actual fulfilment is inferred.","reason_fr":"L’article 73 impose à l’État des mesures de précaution et de restriction ; aucune exécution effective n’est déduite.","scope":"CONSTITUTIONAL_TEXT_REPRODUCED_ON_OFFICIAL_JUDICIARY_HOST_NOT_COMPLETE_CURRENT_VERSION_CHAIN","source_priority":2,"source_text_sha256":"f4522d239c25091b57ed09b1aaf62cd2360e7653087aea2a4ce0f6779af0cc94","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador — official judiciary text","source_url":"https://www.funcionjudicial.gob.ec/resources/pdf/normativa/Constitucion-de-la-Republica-del-Ecuador.pdf","term":"prevention_duty","verified_at":"2026-11-10"},{"axis":"obligations","content_kind":"OPERATIVE_PROVISION","excerpt":"Art. 73.- El Estado aplicará medidas de precaución y restricción para las actividades que puedan conducir a la extinción de especies, la destrucción de ecosistemas o la alteración permanente de los ciclos naturales. Se prohíbe la introducción de organismos y material orgánico e inorgánico que puedan alterar de manera definitiva el patrimonio genético nacional.","excerpt_sha256":"ff07206729ad3bd6fe9e7d0abf37ce579e0f74a703ef9ecb3b6fdf86b0c2954a","locator":"art. 73","reason_en":"Article 73 requires State precautionary and restrictive measures; no actual fulfilment is inferred.","reason_fr":"L’article 73 impose à l’État des mesures de précaution et de restriction ; aucune exécution effective n’est déduite.","scope":"CONSTITUTIONAL_TEXT_REPRODUCED_ON_OFFICIAL_JUDICIARY_HOST_NOT_COMPLETE_CURRENT_VERSION_CHAIN","source_priority":2,"source_text_sha256":"f4522d239c25091b57ed09b1aaf62cd2360e7653087aea2a4ce0f6779af0cc94","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador — official judiciary text","source_url":"https://www.funcionjudicial.gob.ec/resources/pdf/normativa/Constitucion-de-la-Republica-del-Ecuador.pdf","term":"state","verified_at":"2026-11-10"}],"status":"QUALIFIED","terms":["prevention_duty","state"],"verified_at":"2026-11-07"},"remedies":{"basis":"AUTOMATIC_EVIDENCE_SUFFICIENCY_ASSESSMENT","reason_en":"The evidence currently available does not establish this axis; no targeted documentary lead is established at this stage. 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Cet état est révisable et ne signifie ni absence de droits ni absence de mécanisme juridique.","sources":[],"status":"INDETERMINABLE","terms":[]},"standing":{"basis":"HUMAN_REVIEW","canonical_legal_work_id":"r-95b92a131d4cbcce5d9e603a02f9067d","reason_en":"Value(s) supported by approved evidence; each evidence item retains its own scope.","reason_fr":"Valeur(s) étayée(s) par les preuves approuvées ; la portée de chaque preuve est conservée.","sources":[{"axis":"standing","basis":"EXISTING_APPROVED_EVIDENCE","locator":"Art. 71 paragraph2","reason_en":"Any person may demand compliance.","reason_fr":"Toute personne peut exiger le respect.","scope":"operative_rule","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","source_url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf","term":"citizen_action","verified_at":"2026-11-07"},{"axis":"standing","content_kind":"OPERATIVE_PROVISION","excerpt":"podrá exigir a la autoridad pública el cumplimiento de los derechos de la naturaleza","excerpt_sha256":"88c6c543646093dfb7c33f8804f31587376621c995c686fff573b80ddff049b1","locator":"Art. 71(2)","reason_en":"Any person may demand compliance.","reason_fr":"Toute personne peut exiger le respect.","scope":"CONSTITUTIONAL_TEXT_REPRODUCED_ON_OFFICIAL_JUDICIARY_HOST_NOT_COMPLETE_CURRENT_VERSION_CHAIN","source_priority":2,"source_text_sha256":"f4522d239c25091b57ed09b1aaf62cd2360e7653087aea2a4ce0f6779af0cc94","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador — official judiciary text","source_url":"https://www.funcionjudicial.gob.ec/resources/pdf/normativa/Constitucion-de-la-Republica-del-Ecuador.pdf","term":"citizen_action","verified_at":"2026-11-10"}],"status":"QUALIFIED","terms":["citizen_action"],"verified_at":"2026-11-07"},"substantive_rights":{"basis":"HUMAN_REVIEW","canonical_legal_work_id":"r-95b92a131d4cbcce5d9e603a02f9067d","reason_en":"Value(s) supported by approved evidence; each evidence item retains its own scope.","reason_fr":"Valeur(s) étayée(s) par les preuves approuvées ; la portée de chaque preuve est conservée.","sources":[{"axis":"substantive_rights","basis":"EXISTING_APPROVED_EVIDENCE","locator":"Art. 71","reason_en":"Ecological functions are protected.","reason_fr":"Les fonctions écologiques sont protégées.","scope":"operative_rule","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","source_url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf","term":"ecological_functions","verified_at":"2026-11-07"},{"axis":"substantive_rights","basis":"EXISTING_APPROVED_EVIDENCE","locator":"Art. 71","reason_en":"Existence must be respected.","reason_fr":"L’existence doit être respectée.","scope":"operative_rule","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","source_url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf","term":"existence","verified_at":"2026-11-07"},{"axis":"substantive_rights","basis":"EXISTING_APPROVED_EVIDENCE","locator":"Art. 71","reason_en":"Regeneration is expressly protected.","reason_fr":"La régénération est expressément protégée.","scope":"operative_rule","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","source_url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf","term":"regeneration","verified_at":"2026-11-07"},{"axis":"substantive_rights","basis":"EXISTING_APPROVED_EVIDENCE","locator":"Art. 72","reason_en":"An independent right to restoration.","reason_fr":"Droit autonome à la restauration.","scope":"operative_rule","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","source_url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf","term":"restoration","verified_at":"2026-11-07"},{"axis":"substantive_rights","content_kind":"OPERATIVE_PROVISION","excerpt":"Art. 71.- La naturaleza o Pacha Mama, donde se reproduce y realiza la vida, tiene derecho a que se respete integralmente su existencia y el mantenimiento y regeneración de sus ciclos vitales, estructura, funciones y procesos evolutivos. CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DEL ECUADOR - Página 35 LEXIS FINDER - www.lexis.com.ec Toda persona, comunidad, pueblo o nacionalidad podrá exigir a la autoridad pública el cumplimiento de los derechos de la naturaleza. Para aplicar e interpretar estos derechos se observarán los principios establecidos en la Constitución, en lo que proceda. 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CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DEL ECUADOR - Página 35 LEXIS FINDER - www.lexis.com.ec Toda persona, comunidad, pueblo o nacionalidad podrá exigir a la autoridad pública el cumplimiento de los derechos de la naturaleza. Para aplicar e interpretar estos derechos se observarán los principios establecidos en la Constitución, en lo que proceda. El Estado incentivará a las personas naturales y jurídicas, y a los colectivos, para que protejan la naturaleza, y promoverá el respeto a todos los elementos que forman un ecosistema.","excerpt_sha256":"28747f1ea557c23f84ebd1e984781cdf3b4f60ad230de3aea8f0c0729a0edaff","locator":"art. 71","reason_en":"Article 71 states existence, regeneration of vital cycles, functions and evolutionary processes.","reason_fr":"L’article 71 énonce l’existence, la régénération des cycles vitaux, les fonctions et les processus évolutifs.","scope":"CONSTITUTIONAL_TEXT_REPRODUCED_ON_OFFICIAL_JUDICIARY_HOST_NOT_COMPLETE_CURRENT_VERSION_CHAIN","source_priority":2,"source_text_sha256":"f4522d239c25091b57ed09b1aaf62cd2360e7653087aea2a4ce0f6779af0cc94","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador — official judiciary text","source_url":"https://www.funcionjudicial.gob.ec/resources/pdf/normativa/Constitucion-de-la-Republica-del-Ecuador.pdf","term":"existence","verified_at":"2026-11-10"},{"axis":"substantive_rights","content_kind":"OPERATIVE_PROVISION","excerpt":"Art. 71.- La naturaleza o Pacha Mama, donde se reproduce y realiza la vida, tiene derecho a que se respete integralmente su existencia y el mantenimiento y regeneración de sus ciclos vitales, estructura, funciones y procesos evolutivos. CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DEL ECUADOR - Página 35 LEXIS FINDER - www.lexis.com.ec Toda persona, comunidad, pueblo o nacionalidad podrá exigir a la autoridad pública el cumplimiento de los derechos de la naturaleza. Para aplicar e interpretar estos derechos se observarán los principios establecidos en la Constitución, en lo que proceda. El Estado incentivará a las personas naturales y jurídicas, y a los colectivos, para que protejan la naturaleza, y promoverá el respeto a todos los elementos que forman un ecosistema.","excerpt_sha256":"28747f1ea557c23f84ebd1e984781cdf3b4f60ad230de3aea8f0c0729a0edaff","locator":"art. 71","reason_en":"Article 71 states existence, regeneration of vital cycles, functions and evolutionary processes.","reason_fr":"L’article 71 énonce l’existence, la régénération des cycles vitaux, les fonctions et les processus évolutifs.","scope":"CONSTITUTIONAL_TEXT_REPRODUCED_ON_OFFICIAL_JUDICIARY_HOST_NOT_COMPLETE_CURRENT_VERSION_CHAIN","source_priority":2,"source_text_sha256":"f4522d239c25091b57ed09b1aaf62cd2360e7653087aea2a4ce0f6779af0cc94","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador — official judiciary text","source_url":"https://www.funcionjudicial.gob.ec/resources/pdf/normativa/Constitucion-de-la-Republica-del-Ecuador.pdf","term":"regeneration","verified_at":"2026-11-10"},{"axis":"substantive_rights","content_kind":"OPERATIVE_PROVISION","excerpt":"Art. 72.- La naturaleza tiene derecho a la restauración. Esta restauración será independiente de la obligación que tienen el Estado y las personas naturales o jurídicas de indemnizar a los individuos y colectivos que dependan de los sistemas naturales afectados. En los casos de impacto ambiental grave o permanente, incluidos los ocasionados por la explotación de los recursos naturales no renovables, el Estado establecerá los mecanismos más eficaces para alcanzar la restauración, y adoptará las medidas adecuadas para eliminar o mitigar las consecuencias ambientales nocivas.","excerpt_sha256":"6cc0c0e521c83b1ee136d3f322606b0cb5b0f254b582b10bce22640c7033da6d","locator":"art. 72","reason_en":"Article 72 expressly states Nature’s right to restoration, distinct from compensation for people.","reason_fr":"L’article 72 énonce expressément un droit de la Nature à la restauration, distinct de l’indemnisation des personnes.","scope":"CONSTITUTIONAL_TEXT_REPRODUCED_ON_OFFICIAL_JUDICIARY_HOST_NOT_COMPLETE_CURRENT_VERSION_CHAIN","source_priority":2,"source_text_sha256":"f4522d239c25091b57ed09b1aaf62cd2360e7653087aea2a4ce0f6779af0cc94","source_title":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador — official judiciary text","source_url":"https://www.funcionjudicial.gob.ec/resources/pdf/normativa/Constitucion-de-la-Republica-del-Ecuador.pdf","term":"restoration","verified_at":"2026-11-10"}],"status":"QUALIFIED","terms":["ecological_functions","existence","regeneration","restoration"],"verified_at":"2026-11-07"}},"qualified_axis_count":5,"uglc_method":"UGLC_EVIDENCE_RESOLUTION_3.0","current_legal_status":"IN_FORCE_AS_AMENDED","legal_status_verified_at":"2026-11-10T09:53:31+00:00","version_chain_status":"VERIFIED_PARTIAL","version_chain":[{"date_precision":"UNKNOWN","event":"constitutional_final_clause","document":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","evidence_status":"OFFICIAL_PARTIAL","passage":"DISPOSICIÓN DEROGATORIA Se deroga la Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador publicada en el Registro Oficial número uno del día once de agosto de 1998, y toda norma contraria a esta Constitución. El resto del ordenamiento jurídico permanecerá vigente en cuanto no sea contrario a la Constitución. 205","scope":"Express repeal concerns the 1998 predecessor Constitution, NOT repeal of the 2008 Constitution. No conclusion concerning current amendments or legal status.","excerpt_sha256":"9cb1cb7250780324405881868b755f0b5d9ffd120eea843dbbde9076164a237c","official_source":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf#page=205"},{"date_precision":"UNKNOWN","event":"constitutional_final_clause","document":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador","evidence_status":"OFFICIAL_PARTIAL","passage":"DISPOSICIÓN FINAL Esta Constitución, aprobada en referéndum por el pueblo ecuatoriano, entrará en vigencia el día de su publicación en el Registro Oficial. 217","scope":"Official-hosted constitutional clause, original or historically consolidated text only. This does not establish the full current amendment chain or present legal force.","excerpt_sha256":"b0f452ff5c399435750b368a81f8b39c30d7fe436c615f90158b77a3121549c1","official_source":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/Constitucion-2008.pdf#page=217"},{"date_precision":"UNKNOWN","event":"constitutional_final_clause","document":"Constitución de la República del Ecuador 2008","evidence_status":"OFFICIAL_PARTIAL","passage":"DISPOSICIÓN DEROGATORIA Se deroga la Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador publicada en el Registro Oficial número uno del día once de agosto de 1998, y toda norma contraria a esta Constitución. El resto del ordenamiento jurídico permanecerá vigente en cuanto no sea contrario a la Constitución. DISPOSICIÓN GENERAL Las Enmiendas Constitucionales aprobadas por el Pleno de la Asamblea Nacional, deberán ser desarrolladas, armonizadas y adecuadas mediante las normas infraconstitucionales en los respectivos cuerpos normativos, sin perjuicio de la vigencia y aplicación del principio de supremacía constitucional según el artículo 424 de la Constitución.","scope":"Express repeal concerns the 1998 predecessor Constitution, NOT repeal of the 2008 Constitution. 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